Procesamiento de lenguaje: ¿de qué hablamos cuando hablamos de predicción? / Language processing: what do we talk about when we talk about prediction?
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Las propuestas de procesamiento predictivo en la cognición humana no son recientes, aunque en los últimos años la reflexión y la investigación experimental sobre este mecanismo han crecido notablemente. Sin embargo, la idea de que nuestra mente/cerebro sería una “máquina predictiva” ha tenido y tiene muchas resistencias en el ámbito de los estudios sobre procesamiento de lenguaje. Las disputas suelen darse, sobre todo, en torno a las consecuencias teóricas que tendría para los modelos de procesamiento de lenguaje y de arquitectura de nuestra Facultad del Lenguaje aceptar un sistema con una dinámica anticipatoria por defecto. En este trabajo recorremos varias de las propuestas y debates en el gran marco de la cognición humana, y para la dimensión lingüística en particular, y nos detenemos especialmente en los desafíos que impone esta reflexión a discusiones clásicas: autonomía vs. interactividad, procesamiento serial vs. en paralelo y flujo informativo top-down vs. bottom-up. Presentaremos el tema tanto desde una perspectiva teórica como experimental. Discutiremos qué conclusiones es posible derivar de la evidencia empírica a disposición, y marcaremos los límites que aún exhiben estos resultados experimentales.
ABSTRACT
The proposals of predictive processing in human cognition are not recent, although in recent years the reflection and experimental research on this mechanism have grown significantly. However, the idea that our mind / brain would be a "predictive machine" has had and still has many resistances in the field of studies on language processing. Disputes tend to occur due to the theoretical consequences that would have for the models of language processing and architecture of our Language Faculty to accept a system with a default anticipatory dynamic. In this work we review several of the proposals and debates in the great framework of human cognition, and for the linguistic dimension in particular. We dwell especially on the challenges that this reflection imposes on classical discussions: autonomy vs. interactivity, serial vs. parallel processing and top-down vs. bottom-up information flow. We will present the problem both from a theoretical and experimental perspective. We will focus especially on what conclusions it is possible to derive from the available empirical evidence, and we will mark the limits that these experimental results still exhibit.
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