Estimate of erosion hidrica of floors for plan of handle of the forest field cold waters, patagonia argentina
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Abstract
In Argentine Patagonia there exist large extensions of lands degraded by overgrazing, this favours soil water erosion. Two million hectares are eligible for forestation (Gallo et al. 2005), with some environmental limitations that require previous studies to prepare development and sustainability proposals. The study area is located in the right margin of the Litrán River, 25 kms of its estuary in Aluminé Lake (Province of Neuquén). In this area, some Mapuche (araucanian) communities carry out stock breeding (mainly goats) using a migrating system. This region presents very severe Aeolian and hydrological erosion.
The objective of the afforestation management plan of this land, is the design of control measures, to stop erosion, like perimeter close, afforestation and structural measures for controlling erosional gully. It is then necessary, to characterize the actual and potential erosion, that would allow to carry out with measures monitoring to implement controls and mitigation.
Paper presents, pedology map by interpreting and georreferencing satellite images by a Geographical Information System. (GIS).
The mapping methodology was based in Hierarchical Classification of Landforms, which is the structure of the geopedology focus for mapping soil (Zinck, 1989). The classification of actual erosion was obtained from the method of the Bureau of Land Management (USDI) by visual inspection of seven aspects of erosion in surface. The estimation of the potential erosion of the floors of the forest field was carried out utilizing the Universal Soil Lost Equation (USLE) and ArcGis 9,2 (ESRI, 2006) to carry out the spatial analysis, obtaining a map of annual soil loss ( tn/has/year) with a spatial resolution of 30 m.
The application of spatial analysis tools in the study of soil water erosion in Patagonia, Argentina contributes to the objective of defining define a program of development and adequate management, as a function of the state and degree of potential soil erosion.
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